LRIT
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What is LRIT?
Long
Range Identification & Tracking
What is the purpose of LRIT?
Providing
position report time to time to the shore concerned authority
for
security and search and rescue purposes
what type of vessels comply with LRIT?
All passenger ships including High Speed Crafts,
cargo ships including 300 gross tonnage
and vessels
engaged on international voyages.
Which type of
vessels need not comply with LRIT?
Ships operating only in Area A1
What is the information provided in
LRIT?
Ship’s
identity, (Unique Identifier)
Position
in Latitude & Longitude
And
Date and time of the position
How the LRIT is transmitted from the
ship?
Automatically
The ship transmitting the ship's LRIT information
at 6-hour intervals to an LRIT Data
Centre;
Transmitting LRIT information following receipt
of polling commands
What is
the difference between LRIT and AIS?
AIS
is a broadcast system
LRIT
is transmitted to a particular station at pre fixed intervals or
By
polling command
Explain the
LRIT system?
Ship borne LRIT transmitting equipment
Communication Service Providers
Application Service Providers
LRIT Data Centres, plus any related Vessel Monitoring
Systems
The LRIT Data Distribution Plan
The International LRIT Data Exchange
GMDSS
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Where is the
LRIT information transmitted?
Ships
transmit the LRIT information to the LRIT Data Centre selected by their Administration.
Who are the
LRIT users?
Flag state may track ships within its own fleet
anywhere in the world.
Port State may set its own requirements for
ships that have indicated that they intend to call at its ports based on Notice
of Arrival (NOA)
Coastal States may obtain tracking
information for ships navigating within a distance up to 1000 nautical miles
off their coast (this applies to ships not intending to call and not flying
that state's flag - in other words, ships on innocent passage).
Additionally Contracting Governments can request information on
ships in an area where a Search and Rescue operation is underway.
Which equipment is used for LRIT?
SAT
C or mini-C
Which satellite network is used for
LRIT?
INMARSAT
INMARSAT does not cover sea area A4.
What is the other satellite network is
Used for LRIT?
POLESTAR
LRIT system which will use IRIDIUM satellites for forwarding the LIRIT message
When can LRIT be Switch off?
At dry docks or laid off for long repairs
Coastal vessels – during monsoon at harbor
Can LRIT be
used in sea area A4? How?
If POLESTAR is used, it can be used in sea area A4.
Polestar is a low polar orbiting satellite and has a
global coverage.
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SSAS
What is S S A S?
SHIP
SECURITY ALERT SYSTEM
What
type of vessels must carry SSAS?
Vessels
above 500 GRT must carry a Ship Security Alert System
When it is used? How it is
functioning?
SSAS
is providing minimum two alert buttons, which can be activated in case of
piracy or terrorist attacks.
The
alarm should be a covert signal
It
has no sound and no flashing lights.
Intruders
will not come to know when it is sent.
Where the buttons fixed on board?
A
minimum of two activation points, one of which is on the navigation bridge
To whom will the alert be sent?
To
the shore to indicate to a competent authority
The
competent authority receiving the alert notifies the authority responsible for
maritime security within its Administration
the coastal State(s) in whose vicinity, the
ship is presently operating, or other Contracting Governments.
Where
is the power supply to SSAS? (SSAS POWER SOURCE)
The
ship’s main
Also
from batteries
Explain
the SSAS buttons?
One
is on the navigation bridge and in other locations.
It
is protected from inadvertent operation. (Sending false alert)
Need
not remove seals or to break any lid or cover for pressing the buttons
It
does not require any adjustment of the radio system, i.e. tuning of channels,
setting of modes or menu options.
What is transmitted in SSAS alert?
Ship
identity and current position associated with a date and time.
How or when the alert can be stopped?
Until
it is deactivated and/or reset
Testing of SSAS alert
Test
has to be carried out during SRT surveys
TESTING
AT THE TIME OF INSTALLATION
Company
security officer should send the necessary details by email to DGCOMM
For
testing SSAS equipment.
Test
is carried out.
DGCOMM
will issue a compliance report(certificate).
No
separate approval from DGS.
What equipment is used for SSAS?
SAT-C
or mini-C transceiver with 20 meter* transceiver cable,
Interconnection
box,
With two alert buttons and
one test button
(Installed up to 50 meters
away from the interconnection box)
.SSAS batteries to be replaced
3
years
SSAS is in which chapter of SOLAS
Chapter
11
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AIS – AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Ship identification data,
ie. Ship name, call sign, length, breadth, draught, dwt etc.
Type of cargo carried and
whether it Is hazardous in nature
Course and maneuvering data
Position to GPS data
What are the
objectives of AIS?
Safety of life at Sea;
Safety and efficiency of
navigation;
Coastal surveillance
Protection of marine
environment
What
is the range of AIS?
Range: 20-50 nm depending
on antenna height
What
does an AIS System require?
·
GPS
or DGPS receiver
·
a VHF Transmitter
·
two
VHF TDMA receivers
·
a
VHF DSC Receiver
·
a
standard marine electronic communications connection to the ship’s display
system.
What
are the frequencies of AIS?
AIS 1 161.975 Mhz Channel 87B
AIS 2 162.025 Mhz Channel 88B
What are the information
will be transmitted in AIS?
- Static info: Set on installation
Name, Call Sign
IMO No, MMSI No.
Length, Beam,
Type of ship,
Location of Position fixing
Antenna
- Dynamic info: Automatically updated
Position, UTC Time,
COG, SOG, Heading,
ROT (if available)
- Manual entry:
Navigational
Status:
(under way, at anchor, NUC,
RIATM, Moored, Aground etc.)
Voyage
related info:
Draft,
Hazardous Cargo- DG/HS/MP
Destination and ETA,
Route Plan( master’s
discretion)
No. of persons on board.
Activation
of AIS?
Always when under way or at
anchor.
(reduce VHF power to 1W at
anchor, berth)
If Master feels it might
compromise the safety/security of the ship, then can be switched off.
Eg: piracy areas. This
should be recorded in ship’s log-book with the reason.
OOW’s duties w.r.t AIS :
Manual input data at start
of voyage and whenever changes occur
Draft, Hazardous Cargo
(DG/HS/MP)
Destination and ETA, Route
plan(WP),
correct navigational status
and
Safety related messages, if
any.
What
is the Report rate of AIS?
Static and voyage related
data every
6 min or on request (AIS responds automatically without user
action-Polling)
Dynamic info –dependent on speed and
course alteration
At Anchor: 3 min
Ship speed 0-14 kts: 12 s
0-14 kts and changing course: 4 s
Ship Speed14-23kts: 6s / 2s
Ship speed>23kts:
3s / 2s
What
is SOTDMA?
SELF
ORGANIZED TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS-
(SOTDMA):
Each transponder
self-allocates time slots for its position reports and such reports occur at
time intervals that correspond to the traffic situations.
2250 time slots established
every 60s for each AIS channel.
Can
messages be sent through AIS?
How
many types of AIS? What are the differences?
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